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TATTOO ART: ANCIENT TRADITIONS AND THE NEW REALITY

The tradition of a tattoo, or "drawings on a body of the person of patterns and drawings by having pinned on a skin and introductions in them paints", originates in depth of millenia. Long before occurrence of architecture, music and the more so fashions our ancestors decorated the dwelling rock paintings, and a body - a tattoo. Tattoo art is a part of universal culture and, appearing disappearing reviving again, passes through all history of mankind from the most ancient Egyptian burial places, whose age totals four millenia, up to now. Archeological excavations prove, that the tattoo has been extended practically worldwide. The ancient people used it in religious rituals, as an amulet and is simple as an ornament. Greeks pinned the ciphered tattoos to the spies, and Romans thus branded criminals and slaves. Technics of drawing and drawings at all were practically identical - a vegetative or geometrical ornament, images of animals and birds. The special role in history of art of a tattoo belongs to the Japanese and Polynesian traditions. Up to the beginning of the ninetieth years of the twentieth century a Polynesian ornament "мокко" and dragons from ancient Japanese legends remained the most popular among tattooers. In New Zealand and Polynesia the people who have made a tattoo, were esteemed as sacred. Not stood pain which they have tested process of drawing of a tattoo, erected and in a rank of martyrs. Drawing was literally hollowed out on the person, hands and feet special молоточками with needles on the end within several hours. The one who did not maintain up to the end, was considered damned together with all family.

Than Europeans are obliged to Cook?
In medieval Europe the Christian church has tried to destroy traditions of a tattoo, including its barbarous heritage. In the Old World this art form is obliged by the revival to notorious captain Cook who in 1771 from the first travel to coast of Australia and New Zealand has brought the native tattooed from a head to feet. Its occurrence has caused in Englishmen an unknown agiotage and general hobby for a tattoo, at first among seamen and simple люда, and then and among the nobility. From here the fashion on нательные drawings has extended across all Europe. By the way, the word "tattoo" as a designation of process of drawing on a skin of the person of drawings by means of a needle and a paint has appeared in English, and then and other European languages thanking all to the same Cook.

Many politicians and members of reigning families at various times decorated themselves a tattoo: English king George V, the king of Denmark Фредерик, Greek queen Olga, grand duke Michael Aleksandrovich, the prime minister of the Great Britain sir Winston Churchill. English king Harold has been tattooed practically on all body by scenes of military fights in which he has won. And at the left on a breast, is closer to heart, its own name has been deduced by the big letters.

The legendary spy of the Floor-mat of Hari carried on a shoulder a tattoo in the form of a rose twisted with a snake. Last Russian emperor Nikolay II also was the big admirer of this art and during travel on the East has made to itself some tattoos.

Enterprising Americans and a rock'n'roll
In the end of the last century тату it became popular in the United States of America. Resourceful Americans have felt at once a difference between a supply and demand, and on all country numerous salons began to open, release of the special tool and a paint has been adjusted. In an arsenal of masters тату there were electric machines which, it is necessary to tell, practically have not changed for last hundred years. In the twentieth century the tattoo some times appeared on a fashion edge. In the sixtieth years clients of salons тату steels fate-n-rollshchiki and неформалы. The youth, having seen the tattooed bodies of the idols, has hastened to follow to their example. The industry has earned in full force. Specialised magazines and books began to be published, schools have opened.

From the end of the seventieth years conventions, original festivals of a tattoo have started to be organised. The first convention has taken place in New York in 1976, and since then they are spent several times in a year in various cities of Europe and America. On these bright, interesting enough actions fans and professionals тату from the different countries gather. Eminent masters and beginners show samples of the creativity, exchange secrets and ideas. With pleasure come to look at the decorated human bodies and local residents, competitions, various shows are held. Here it is possible to make a tattoo at any legendary master working, for example, with Mikki Rourke or Rolling Stones.

Epidemic of our days
During epoch МТV and top models, that is last ten years, a fashion on a tattoo has grasped all. Today, as never earlier, тату became the mass culture phenomenon: doctors and lawyers, politicians and businessmen, the professor of universities and the housewife decorate themselves exotic hieroglyphs, bracelets, magic signs and ornaments. Men, obviously, consider тату as a symbol of courage, women see in a tattoo something mysterious and sexual. One wish to join the general tendency, others, on the contrary, see in it possibility to be allocated. Interest is warmed up by obvious popularity of this art among celebrities. The Madonna, Frenk Sinatra, Шер, Dzhonni Depp, Christie Terlington, Bjork, princess Stephanie, Dzhulija Robert, Кортни Lavas, John Bon Dzhovi willingly show the tattoos on screens and pages of fashionable magazines. The fashion on нательное creativity has not bypassed also Russia, though in respect of a tattoo, however, as well as in all the rest, at us the special way: On the one hand, proof associations with a prison cell, with another - long years of full absence of the information and dialogue with the colleagues in other countries. But, as it is surprising, difficulties have forced masters тату to be more inventive and creative. Did tools, thought out images, studied literally "on own skin". Today, of course, all is much easier. Our masters go by the convention, show the works, get acquainted with new styles and directions.

The Russian approach
When I searched for the information about тату in network Internet, I even managed to find in "Russian" page one Moscow phone number. I have called, and we have agreed about a meeting. " In an anticipation "acquaintances to any gloomy, long-haired and not too talkative subject I have been pleasantly surprised, having seen a nice young pair, Таню and Sergey. Both of them tattooers, are engaged in it professionally many years and know about a tattoo practically all. They consider themselves as creators, instead of handicraftsmen, try to work only with own sketches. Sergey believes, that the tattoo possesses mysterious force and can affect destiny of the person. Now in Moscow twenty of them, according to Sergey are engaged in a tattoo about hundred persons, but only, it is possible to name the present masters (judging by quantity of the cups received by them on various international conventions and standing now on regiments in their apartment, my interlocutors concern just this group). Though many masters тату prefer to work today in-home, some of them co-operate with prestigious beauty salons. For example, in known salon "¡ÑõÑÓÔ¿Ô¿" tattooer Alexey Surkov works. Alexey is engaged in a tattoo more than ten years. It has ended Fedoskinsky school of tiny painting. Some years have lived in America where successfully worked in salon тату, participated in the international conventions.

As Alexey has told, the present boom of a tattoo today reigns. To masters people of absolutely different trades, and age, a social status come. It is impossible to define, that today it is fashionable. Do both big, and absolutely tiny drawings on various parts of a body. Women, it appears, any more are not limited to the tattooed rose on a breast or a hip. All dares individually in each concrete case. The master and the client in common select drawing, define its site on a body. The main thing — to come into the hands of the professional. The layman is capable not only to put poor on a skin the image, but also, having broken sterilisation rules to create to you problems with health. Masters advise not to hurry up with tattoo drawing: at first it is necessary to weigh and be convinced all, whether really you want it. Besides, that process long and painful enough, further to you hardly probable will be possible to deduce completely a tattoo, which can cease to please or bother unless to pin up its other drawing.

In the material plan a tattoo - not cheap pleasure. For example, the headdress in size with a cigarette pack (the standard unit of measure among tattooers) costs in Moscow on the average 150 dollars. The price, naturally, depends on experience and qualification of the master, complexity of drawing.

On service at beauty
Recently a tattoo put not only as an ornament on a body or a talisman, but also in the is utilitarian-cosmetic purposes. So-called cosmetic татуаж is a permanent colouring of planimetric lines of lips, eyebrows and eyelids. The paint on a vegetative or mineral basis is put on a skin with the help all the same needle. The colour choice depends on your imagination and can be as much as possible approached to colour of a skin or is picked up in tone to lipstick which you carry. Procedure is spent with anaesthesia. Such make-up keeps 3-5 years. Many beauty salons offer today this service. The prices fluctuate from two hundred to five hundred US dollars. However it is necessary to consider, that a tattoo of lips, eyebrows and eyelids - very thin and laborious work. Therefore, if you have dared at such step, be convinced of professionalism of the master and good reputation of salon not to spoil to yourself appearance and mood the next five years. One more practical application of a tattoo is drawing drawing on a scar place. If after surgical operation you still had appreciable ugly trace, it is possible to disguise skilfully any original drawing.

Mysterious word "менди"
In last season the Hollywood stars and fashionable designers have opened for us one more version bodi-arta - an ornament of fleeces and feet permanent drawings by means of henna, so-called art менди. This exclusively female tradition which has come to us from India and the North Africa is popular till now in these countries. East women not without reason appreciate "менди". Curative properties of henna keep softness of a skin, despite heavy physical work. The refined pattern arrests a sight to graceful movements of hands during dance execution. Exciting aroma kindles passion of the man. For this reason in olden time before wedding on hands and feet of the bride drew henna various patterns and ornaments. Perhaps, instead of a tattoo you will try henna? Drawing remains two weeks, and besides procedure is absolutely painless and safe. Unfortunately, the Moscow beauty salons yet do not offer such service to the clients, therefore, if you have decided to decorate yourselves with drawing "менди", you should operate independently. For this purpose mix a powder of henna with black tea, a lemon juice or red wine before reception of homogeneous dense weight, add some drops эвкалиптового oils. The received paste put on a skin by means of a tube with the pointed end or a thin brush. Preliminary it is necessary to make a peeling of those sites of a skin on which drawing will be put. Wait, while the image will not dry up. Approximately in forty minutes cautiously shake (but do not wash off!) dry paste from a skin. That to rice kept long enough, try not to adjoin to water even twelve hours.

Epilogue (when it is terrible, but very much it would be desirable)
One more way to support the fashionable tendency тату, not having left on a "distinction" body for all life, - translation tattoos. Wish to be original, thoughtless, new, stylish, strange, mysterious or it is simply a little another? Translate a picture, it keeps two weeks, and then inquiry is washed off. Not painfully, cheaply and always it is possible to change drawing. Besides it is an excellent way to understand, whether it is necessary to you to cross a threshold of the present salon of a tattoo in general. By the way, before an input in which the poster with words "usually hangs Enter at own risk".

 

 

9.05.05

 

Magazine "Marie Claire"